In the sixteenth century, during the reign of Akbar, the third emperor of the Mughal Empire, who was believed to be a Hanafi Sunni, debates on religious issues were held weekly on Thursdays. In discussing nikah mut`ah, Shia theologians argued that Sunni historical scholar Malik ibn Anas supported the practice. [7] [18] However, evidence from Malik`s Muwatta (Handbook of Religious Jurisprudence) was not presented. Shia theologians persisted, and Nikah Mut`ah was legalized for Twelver Shiites during Akbar`s reign. [7] [18] According to Twelver Shia jurisprudence, the requirements for the Mut`ah are as follows: the bride must not be married, she must obtain permission from her wali if she has never been married, she must be Muslim or belong to the Ahl al-Kitab (People of the Book), she must be chaste, must not be a known adulter, And she can only do this independently, if she is Islamically non-virgin or if she does not have a wali (Islamic legal guardian). [ref. needed] At the end of the contract, the marriage ends and the woman must undergo iddah, a period of abstinence from marriage (and therefore from sexual intercourse). IDDAH should give all children paternal security, if the woman becomes pregnant during the fixed-term marriage contract. [7] [1] Some Western authors have argued that the Mut`ah is close to prostitution. [11] [30] Julie Parshall writes that mut`ah is a legalized prostitution sanctioned by Twelver Shia authorities.
She cites the Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World to distinguish between marriage (Nikah) and Mut`ah, explaining that if Nikah is for procreation, Mut`ah only for sexual gratification. [31] Does the viaticum settlement business fall within the definition of investment contracts under SEC rules and regulations? Mut`ah, which literally means joy, is a state in which the rules of Islam are relaxed. It can be applied to marriage (Nikah Mut`ah) or Hajj (compulsory pilgrimage) (Hajj Mut`ah). Muchatah is a sensitive subject of disagreement between those who follow Sunni Islam (for whom nikah mut`ah is banned) and those who follow Shia Islam (for whom nikah mut`ah is allowed). [6] Shiites and Sunnis agree that Nikah mut`ah was originally or early in Islam a legal contract. [8] Based only on the crude representations painted on the vases, the issue could be debatable. The ending Mut basically means a village in the place or river in whose name it is added (Dall). Some sources say that nikah mut`ah has no prescribed minimum or maximum duration,[10] but others, such as the Oxford Dictionary of Islam, point out that the minimum duration of marriage is controversial and that a duration of at least three days, three months or one year has been proposed. [1] Nikah mut`ah was used to cover up child prostitution. [28] [29] The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filed this lawsuit seeking injunction and other remedies, alleging violations of various federal securities laws by the defendants, Mutual Benefits Corp.
(MBC) and other named defendants who are either directors of MBC or «exonerating defendants» whom the SEC claimed were shell companies controlled by MBC or its principals. MBC is a viaticum settlement provider where a terminally ill insured sells the benefits of their life insurance policy to a third party in exchange for a lump sum cash payment of a percentage of the face value of the policy. In its complaint, the SEC alleges that, during fundraising for its viatical-settlement company, defendant MBC falsely told investors that its life expectancy figures were compiled by independent doctors, that 65% of its outstanding life insurance policies were sold to investors using fraudulent life expectancy figures, and that approximately 90% of its policies already exceeded assigned life expectancy. would have exceeded. The District Court held that investments in viaticical settlement agreements were «investment contracts» within the meaning of the Securities Act 1933 and the Stock Exchange Act 1934. The defendants appealed. The thirteenth-century scholar, Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, said: The only Sunni Arab jurisdiction mentioned by Nikah Mut`ah is Jordan; If the Nikah Mut`ah meets all other requirements, it will be treated as a permanent marriage. [8] SILENT, SILENT STANDING, practical, crim. If, after being charged, a prisoner refuses to answer completely, insists on mere frivolous pretexts or refuses to go to the country after pleading not guilty, he is said to remain silent. 2. In United States v.