A = MRI showed a large mass occupying space in the anterior half of the left hemigrue fossa. Astrocytoma accounted for the highest percentage of total tumors with 22 (44%) cases, followed by schwannomas and meningothelial tumors, which formed the second and third groups with seven (14%) and six (12%) cases, respectively. Female obesity has been found in astrocytomas, schwannomas and meningiomas [Table/Fig-2]. There was a statistically significant difference in case distribution between different types of neoplastic lesions (χ2=22.43, p< 0.001). Lesions of the parietal lobe can produce a neurological picture that includes: Unlike other studies, the present study found 4 cases of brain abscess after male-dominated cystic lesions among the 12 cases of non-neoplastic intracranial masses. With the exception of Butt et al., [9], all other studies have also shown male dominance among brain abscesses [2,11,13]. A = MRI shows an additional axial lesion centered on the largest wing of the sphenoid bone with strong strengthening nodules and cystic areas with minimal perilesional edema. B= GFAP-positive in neoplastic astrocytes (40X). C= S-100 positive in mature ganglion cells (40X). The present study attempts to provide preliminary data on morphological patterns of intracranial lesions in the North Karnataka region and to investigate the clinicopathological spectrum with the correlation of ICSOL radiological findings. Particular emphasis is placed on the benefit of special staining and IHC markers in CNS tumors.
This retrospective and prospective descriptive study was conducted on ICSOL biopsy samples obtained from the Department of Neurosurgery, Basaveshwar University Hospital, Kalaburgi. The investigation period was retrospective from January 2012 to June 2013 and prospective from July 2013 to June 2015. All samples were stored in 10% formalin and fixed for 24 hours. The haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of CNS lesions were obtained by routine treatment and incorporation with paraffin. Special dyeing and IHC were performed where appropriate. Intracranial lesions occupying space are tumors or abscesses in the skull or skull. These lesions put pressure on nearby brain tissue, causing its damage. The effect of the tumor may be local, due to focal brain injury, and the presentation may give an indication of the location of the lesion, but not its etiology. There may be more general symptoms associated with increased intracranial pressure or seizures, behavioral changes, or false signs of localization. Large lesions in some areas, such as the frontal lobe, can be relatively silent, while a small lesion in the dominant hemisphere can destroy speech. The surgical pathologist plays an important role in the accurate diagnosis of various CNS lesions, which will be of immense help for the prognosis and treatment of the patient. Immunohistochemistry is currently used to aid in the diagnosis of brain tumors.
Cerebellar ataxia is described in more detail elsewhere. Space lesions are only a small part of the differential diagnosis. A lesion before the optic chiasmus affects only one eye. A lesion in the optic chiasm, such as pituitary adenoma, typically causes bitemporal hemianopia (since the talking fibers are affected). A lesion behind the optic chiasmus causes a homonymous cross-field defect (for example, lesion of the left visual tract causing a right homonymous hemianopia). A lesion in the visual cortex causes congruent defects in the contralateral visual field. A defect in the visual field of the eye or optic nerve is considered a black area, but the loss of the visual cortex often results in ignorance of the affected area. Space-occupying intracranial lesions (ICSOL) can be of different etiology such as infectious, neoplastic and inflammatory. The establishment of a precise neoplastic etiology is essential for rapid diagnosis and neurosurgical intervention [1].
With the development of new examination techniques in India over the past two decades, it has become clear that brain tumors are just as common in this country as they are elsewhere in the world [2]. This study highlighted the relative frequency of various intracranial space injuries in the Kalaburagi region. The availability of clinical information and imaging techniques such as computed tomography and MRI is of considerable importance for the final histopathological diagnosis. Preoperative diagnosis was compared with postoperative pathological diagnosis. The benefits of IHC are highlighted in this study. GFAP is a sensitive and specific marker for glial differentiation and determination of the origin of astrocytic tumors. Treatment depends on the type of lesion and the associated comorbid conditions. Diagnosis of space-occupying intracranial lesions can be difficult due to difficulties exacerbated by small sample sizes. Specialties in neurosurgery, neuroradiology and neuropathology must come together to accurately diagnose the lesion to support appropriate treatment for better patient care and follow-up. The representation of entities can include location characters, generalized characters, and incorrect localization characters. The rapid onset of symptoms indicates cerebrovascular injury, while a space-taking brain injury usually proceeds more gradually.
However, a brain injury occupying space can mimic a stroke. Biopsy samples of CNS lesions were stored in 10% formalin and fixed for 24 hours. The haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of CNS lesions were obtained by routine treatment and incorporation with paraffin. Special staining and immunohistochemistry were performed where appropriate. The technique for IHC included antigen recovery in Tris buffer in a retriever that blocked endogenous peroxidase with 3% hydrogen peroxide, incubation with primary mouse monoclonal antibodies, chromogen development with diaminobenzidine (DAB) and counterstaining with haematoxylin.